It is important for janitorial employees and employers to know about bloodborne pathogens because it is reasonable for them to anticipate occupational exposure. OSHA—the Occupational Safety and Health Administration—requires a bloodborne pathogens standard, which is the standard operating procedure for working with materials potentially contaminated with bloodborne pathogens. Bloodborne pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms found in blood and most bodily fluids.Though they can cause disease in humans, cleaning staff who understand exposure, follow protective handling and decontamination practices, and identify symptoms of infection can protect their own well-being and the health of their clients.

Cleaning employees are most likely to come into contact with the bloodborne pathogens HIV and HBV. Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus associated with AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Haphazard exposure to this virus can eventually make it difficult for the body to fight off infections. Mismanaged exposure to Hepatitis B Virus, or HBV, can lead to liver inflammation, disease, and even cancer. Cleaning employees know that exposure happens when infected blood and bodily fluids come in contact with the mucus membranes in the nose and mouth. They know exposure can happen by direct contact as well through breaks in the skin like cuts and abrasions, after needle sticks, and human bites. With that in mind, choosing to wear protective equipment in accordance with OSHA's standard is the first step in defending the public against the diseases caused by bloodborne pathogens. For further protection, decontamination and waste disposal must involve following Universal Precautions at all times. This means that all blood or bodily fluids found during occupation must be handled by sanitation staff as if it were infected. Despite following the standards outlined above exposure is still possible. Janitorial workers must also know what to do when an exposure occurs. They know that HIV causes flu-like symptoms while HBV causes jaundice and indigestion—symptoms that may not appear for some time after exposure. To mitigate the spread of serious illness, cleaning employees know to contact their physicians and supervisors immediately after they have identified symptoms or even when exposure is merely suspected.

As a matter of course in the profession, maintaining a healthy and safe environment is paramount. Unlike previous expectations that knowledge about bloodborne pathogens is only relevant to healthcare workers, it is recognized that janitorial staff across industries must be informed as well. Whether cleaning spills, handling soiled laundry, or discarding waste, they are responsible for containing possibly harmful materials. If a cleaning employee knows how exposure occurs, the effects of exposure, and the proper prevention procedures, they will be prepared to mitigate the spread of potentially fatal infections. Pathogenic microorganisms like HIV and HBV would cause serious damage were it not for OSHA's bloodborne pathogens standard.